何为形合、意合?
·1)所谓形合,指的是词语或分句之间用语言形式手段(如关联词)连接起来,表达语法意义和逻辑关系。
E.g.: I shall despair if you don't come.
2)所谓意合,指的是词语或分句之间不用语言形式手段连接,其中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过词语或分句的含义表达。
E.g:他不老实,我不能信任他。
Translation C-E
C:另一方面,它拓展了学习者的学习时间和空间。人们可以随时随地通过互联网进入数字化的虚拟学校学习。
E: On the other hand, it expands the learmer's study time andspace to learn (增词), allowing peopletoget access to the digital virtual schools through the Intermet anytime and anywhere.
C:许多高校建立了自己的数字化学习平台,数字化教学在教育中发挥着越来越大的作用。
E: Many universities have set uo their own digital leaning platforms,and(形合)digital teaching is playing an important role in education.
C:近年来,随着互联网技术的发展,我国数字化教育资源建设取得了巨大的成就。
E:Inrecent years, withthe development of Internet technology,theconstruction ofdigitaleducation resources of our country has made great achievements.但用信息的表达
#中文“逗号”后面信息的表达
·汉语中的“句号”,译成英文后的仍然是“句号”;汉语中的“逗号”在翻译成英文后,可将后面的信息处理为:
•(1)非谓语动词结构;
•(2)介词短语结构;
•(3)定语从句结构;
•(4)或将后面句子用and链接,写出完整句子;
·(5)若“逗号”前面信息与后面信息时态不同,可将“逗号”译成“句号”,后面的信息独立成句。•例1:
·剪纸最常用的颜色是红色,象征健康和兴旺。
• The color most frequently used in paper catting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity.
·例2:
•中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史,在明朝和清朝时期(theMing and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。
Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.例3:
With the improvement of housing conditions, more and more young couples choose to live separately from their parents随着住房条件的改善,越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。
•例4:
年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母,特别是在春节和中秋等重要节日。
Young couples also take time to visit their parents, especially during important festivals such as the Spring festival and Mid-autumn Festival
例:中国稳定和谐的政治社会环境、丰富优秀的劳动力资源和潜力巨大的消费市场,为与世界各国尤其是欧亚地区国家开展互惠互利的经济合作提供了理想的场所。
主语:较长,需要变化结构
谓语:“提供”
宾语:“理想的场所”
其他成分:“为与……经济合作”——状语(较长,后置)China,with a stable and harmonious political and social
environment, rich and excellent human resources and great potential consumer market, is an ideal place for mutually beneficial economic cooperation among countries in Eurasia region and every country in the world.
拓展:汉语中做定语的修饰成分,可译作英语的定语从句。
1)黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。
分析:“中国赖以生存的”做定语,其中蕴含主谓关系,可译作英语的定语从句。
译文:
The Yellow River is one of the rivers that
China depends on for her existence.
拓展:汉语中做定语的修饰成分,可译作英语的定语从句。
2)筷子和饺子是外国人熟悉的中国饮食文化的象征。
译文:
Chopsticks and Jiaozi, which are familiar to foreigners, have become symbols of Chinese dining culture.
拓展:汉语中做定语的修饰成分,可译作英语的定语从句。
3)红包是农历春节时长辈给晚辈用红纸包裹的钱。
译文:
The red packet refers to the money wrapped in red paper that an elder gives a young man during the lunar-year Spring Festival.
... they have defected from the study of the
humanities and toward applied science and "hard" skills that they bet will lead to employment. (Para. 2)
定语从句的翻译——前置翻译法:
一般来说,限制性定语从句,尤其是比较短的定语从句,可采用前置翻译法,即将定语从句翻译成带“的”句子,放在先行词的前面,修饰先行词。
1)... they have defected from the study of the humanities and toward applied science and hard"skills that they bet will lead to
employment.(Para.2)
译文:
……他们已从学习人文学科转向他们相信有益于将来就业的应用科学和“硬”技能。
2) Here, please allow me to stand up for and promote the true value that the humanities add to people's lives. (Para. 4)
参考译文:
在这儿,请允许我为人文学科给人们的生活所增添的真实价值进行支持和宣传。
用法拓展so did I; so I did
1.“SO+系动词(助动词或情态动词)+主语”倒装结构 表示前句叙述的情况也同样适合后句的人或物,此结构中前后句的主语为不同的人或物。The girl is smart and clever; so is her brother.那个女孩聪明伶俐,她的兄弟同样也聪明睿智。
2“so+主语+系动词(助动词或情态动词)”结构
为正常语序,就前面提到的肯定事实予以确认,
表示乙赞同甲的话。
这种句型中,前后句主语相同。
此处SO相当于indeed/certainly。
The girl says her brother works hard, and so he does.
那个女孩说她的兄弟很努力,他确实是很努力。
拓展:汉语中多个并列的短句,可根据其逻辑关系,合并译作英语的长句。
2黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特,尤以其日出和云海著称。
参考译文:
Located in the southern part of Anhui Province, Mt. Huangshan boasts unique scenery, and is especially famous for its sunrise and a sea of clouds.