语法45

Subjunctire MoOd

虚拟语气

一 语气的分类

陈述语气

陈述事实或提出看法，有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式

I went to the theatre yesterday.

Jack hadn't come back home yet.

祈使语气

请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等

Let's go.

Don't touch anything on the table until the bell rings.

虚拟语气

虚拟语气的概念

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。

1)在条件句中的应用

条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。真实条件句所表示的假设是可能发生或实现的。句中的条件从句和结果主句皆用直陈述语气。如

1 Oil floats if you pour it on water.

你如把油倒在水里，油就会浮起来。

②If I have enough money next year, I will go to Japan.非真实条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。先将用于非真实条件句中的虚拟时态列表如下：

1. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.

2.If I had taken your advice, I wouldn't have made a mistake.

在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中，表示与事实相反的条件和结果。

1)与现在事实相反：

should (would

If 主语were

V-ed...主语 could, might) +V原

2)与过去事实相反：

If 主语 had V-ed ，主语should (would

could,might) thave V-ed

3)与将来事实相反：

If 主语should

were to ---主语should (would

could, might) +V原

2、错综时间的虚拟句

通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式.

1.If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句指现在，主句指过去)。

2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now.(从句指过去，主句指现在)。

.3. If we hadn't been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn't be going so smoothly.

(从句指过去，主句指现在)。

4. If the weather had been more favorable,the crops would be growing still better.(从句指过去，主句指现在)。

5. If we had not got everything ready by now,we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow.(从句指现在，主句指将来)

If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.

If you had followed the teacher's advice, you wouldn't be in the hospital.